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LLD
Module 1
Java Object-Oriented Programming Foundations
1
The Four Pillars of OOP
Explain the four pillars of OOP: encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism.
2
Encapsulation: Protecting Object State with Access Modifiers
Apply encapsulation to protect object state using access modifiers (public, private, protected).
3
Crafting Class Hierarchies
Design class hierarchies using inheritance, abstract classes, and interfaces.
4
Method Overriding for Polymorphism
Implement runtime polymorphism using method overriding.
5
Compile-time vs. Runtime Polymorphism
Differentiate compile-time polymorphism (method overloading) from runtime polymorphism (overriding).
6
Constructors: Building Objects
Explain the role of constructors in object instantiation and initialization.
7
Static Keywords: Members and Methods
Define the purpose and use of static keywords for members and methods.
Module 2
Fundamental Design Principles
8
Coupling, Cohesion, and Maintainability
Explain coupling and cohesion and their impact on system maintainability.
9
Composition Over Inheritance: Building Flexible Designs
Apply the 'composition over inheritance' principle to create flexible and reusable designs.
10
Demeter's Law: Reduce Coupling
Apply the 'Law of Demeter' (Principle of Least Knowledge) to reduce coupling.
11
"Tell, Don't Ask": Improving Encapsulation and Object Autonomy
Apply the 'Tell, Don't Ask' principle to improve encapsulation and object autonomy.
12
Designing Robust APIs
Explain the importance of designing a clear and stable API (Application Programming Interface).
13
Immutable Objects in Concurrent Systems
Define the concept of an immutable object and its benefits in concurrent systems.
Module 3
SOLID Principles for Maintainable Code
14
Mastering SRP for Cohesive Classes
Apply the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) to create cohesive classes.
15
Designing Extensible and Maintainable Classes with OCP
Apply the Open/Closed Principle (OCP) to design classes that are open for extension but closed for modification.
16
Applying the Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
Apply the Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) to ensure subtype substitutability.
17
Implementing ISP for Focused Interfaces
Apply the Interface Segregation Principle (ISP) to create focused, client-specific interfaces.
18
DIP: Depend on Abstractions
Apply the Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP) to depend on abstractions, not concretions.
19
Spotting SOLID Violations in Code
Identify SOLID principle violations in existing code examples.
20
Refactoring for SOLID Principles
Refactor code to improve its adherence to SOLID principles.
Module 4
Creational Design Patterns
21
Thread-Safe Singleton Pattern
Apply the Singleton pattern, ensuring thread-safety in concurrent environments.
22
Implementing the Factory Method Pattern
Apply the Factory Method pattern to delegate object creation to subclasses.
23
Abstract Factory: Creating Families of Objects
Apply the Abstract Factory pattern to create families of related objects.
24
Fluent Builders for Complex Objects
Apply the Builder pattern to construct complex objects with a fluent interface.
25
Prototype Pattern: Cloning for Object Creation
Apply the Prototype pattern for object creation via cloning, distinguishing shallow vs. deep copy.
26
Choosing the Right Creational Pattern
Compare creational patterns to select the most appropriate one for a given design problem.
Module 5
Structural Design Patterns
27
Adapter Pattern: Bridging Incompatible Interfaces
Apply the Adapter pattern to make incompatible interfaces work together.
28
Dynamic Behavior with the Decorator Pattern
Apply the Decorator pattern to add behavior to objects dynamically.
29
Simplifying Complexity with the Facade Pattern
Apply the Facade pattern to provide a simplified interface to a complex subsystem.
30
Controlling Object Access with the Proxy Pattern
Apply the Proxy pattern to control access to an object.
31
Composite Pattern: Uniform Object and Composition Handling
Apply the Composite pattern to treat individual objects and compositions uniformly.
32
Decoupling with the Bridge Pattern
Apply the Bridge pattern to decouple an abstraction from its implementation.
33
Choosing the Right Design Pattern: Structural Patterns
Compare structural patterns and identify appropriate use cases for each.
Module 6
Behavioral Design Patterns: Communication
34
Implementing Event-Driven Communication with the Observer Pattern
Apply the Observer pattern to implement event-driven communication between objects.
35
Chain of Responsibility: Decoupling Senders and Receivers
Apply the Chain of Responsibility pattern to decouple senders and receivers of a request.
36
Mastering the Mediator Pattern for Streamlined Communication
Apply the Mediator pattern to centralize complex communications between objects.
37
Command Pattern for Undo and Queuing
Apply the Command pattern to encapsulate requests as objects for queuing or undo operations.
38
Implementing the Iterator Pattern
Apply the Iterator pattern to provide sequential access to a collection's elements.
39
Choosing Communication Patterns for Scenarios
Compare communication-focused behavioral patterns to select the best fit for a scenario.
Module 7
Behavioral Design Patterns: Responsibility and Algorithms
40
Implementing the Strategy Pattern
Apply the Strategy pattern to define a family of interchangeable algorithms.
41
Mastering the State Pattern
Apply the State pattern to allow an object to alter its behavior when its internal state changes.
42
Implementing the Template Method Pattern
Apply the Template Method pattern to define an algorithm's skeleton in a base class.
43
Visitor Pattern for Extending Functionality
Apply the Visitor pattern to add new operations to classes without modifying them.
44
Implementing the Memento Pattern
Apply the Memento pattern to capture and restore an object's internal state.
45
Introduction to MVC
Describe the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern and its components.
46
Choosing the Right Behavioral Pattern: Responsibility vs. Algorithms
Compare responsibility and algorithm-focused behavioral patterns to select the best fit.
Module 8
The Low-Level Design Process
47
Eliciting and Clarifying Requirements
Elicit and clarify functional requirements and use cases from a problem statement.
48
Domain Modeling Fundamentals
Identify core domain entities, their attributes, and behaviors.
49
Class Relationships: Association, Aggregation, and Composition
Model class relationships: association, aggregation, and composition.
50
UML Class Diagrams for Object-Oriented Design
Create UML class diagrams to visually represent the object-oriented design.
51
Design Patterns in Model Design
Incorporate relevant design patterns to solve common design problems within the model.
52
SOLID Principles and Design Smells
Refine the design by applying SOLID principles and identifying design smells.
53
Communicating Low-Level Design in Interviews
Develop a strategy for communicating a low-level design solution in an interview setting.
Module 9
LLD Case Study: Utility and Service Systems
54
Parking Lot System Design
Design a parking lot system, handling multiple vehicle types, spot allocation, and pricing.
55
Building a Library Management System
Design a library management system with book borrowing, returns, and fine calculation.
56
Elevator Control System Design
Design an elevator control system, considering request scheduling and state management.
57
Designing an ATM System
Design an ATM system, modeling authentication, transactions, and hardware interactions.
Module 10
LLD Case Study: Booking and Entertainment Systems
58
Building a Movie Ticket Booking System
Design a movie ticket booking system, addressing seat selection and concurrency.
59
Hotel Reservation System Design
Design a hotel reservation system, managing room availability, bookings, and cancellations.
60
Building a Chess Game
Design a chess game, modeling piece movements, game rules, and state.
61
Vending Machine Design: State, Payment, and Inventory
Design a vending machine, implementing state transitions, payment, and inventory control.