Four-Hour MLOps System Design Interview Sprint

Clarify an ML system design prompt by eliciting the product objective, prediction target, success metrics, workload, and non-functional constraints.

Produce order-of-magnitude estimates for inference throughput, latency, availability, data volume, and compute cost from stated assumptions.

Select between batch, asynchronous, streaming, and synchronous online inference based on freshness, latency, scale, and cost requirements.

Design a governed data and feature layer that supports validation, point-in-time correctness, versioning, lineage, and access control.

Design a reproducible training pipeline that tracks experiments, versions artifacts, evaluates candidates, and registers approved models.

Design a model release workflow using automated checks, shadow or canary deployment, controlled promotion, and rollback.

Define service, data, and model monitoring signals and connect detected degradation to alerting, diagnosis, and retraining decisions.

Structure a time-boxed MLOps system design answer that communicates architecture, trade-offs, failure modes, ownership boundaries, and phased evolution.