Circuit Foundations and MOSFET DC Operation

Use Ohm’s law and the passive sign convention to calculate voltage, current, power, and energy in basic circuits.

Solve basic one-node, two-node, and loop circuits by applying Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws.

Determine the Thévenin or Norton equivalent seen at a circuit port and use it to calculate source and load interactions.

Calculate capacitor voltage and current and solve the natural and step responses of a first-order RC circuit.

Calculate the sinusoidal frequency response of a first-order RC circuit using complex impedance and express voltage or power ratios in decibels.

Label NMOS and PMOS terminals, terminal voltages, and current directions using consistent sign conventions.

Determine cutoff, triode, or saturation operation from a MOSFET’s terminal voltages.

Calculate long-channel NMOS and PMOS drain current from device dimensions and terminal voltages, including channel-length modulation.