Clinical Diagnostics and Imaging

Explain the basic principles of X-ray, Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Describe the principle of diagnostic ultrasound for imaging soft tissues.

Explain the principles of spirometry for measuring lung volumes and capacities.

Describe the working principle of a pulse oximeter for measuring blood oxygen saturation (SpO2).

Describe the principles of biochemical sensors for measuring pH, pO2, pCO2, and glucose.