SoC Architecture, Cross-Toolchains, and a Bootable Minimal System

Interpret an application-processor block diagram and memory map to identify CPU clusters, SRAM, DRAM, bus fabrics, and memory-mapped peripherals.

Produce a reset-to-DRAM sequence diagram showing boot-strap sampling, Boot ROM execution, power and clock initialization, and external-memory initialization.

Distinguish build, host, and target systems and justify an ARM64 ABI, C library, and cross-toolchain choice for a stated product constraint.

Configure a cross-toolchain sysroot and cross-compile an ARM64 C program without using host headers or libraries.

Inspect an ARM64 ELF file with file, readelf, objdump, and nm to identify its ABI, sections, symbols, interpreter, relocations, and shared dependencies.

Compare static, dynamic, PIC, and PIE builds by measuring their file layout, runtime dependencies, and relocation behavior.

Assemble a minimal BusyBox root filesystem with essential directories, device support, configuration files, and an init process.

Boot the minimal ARM64 system under QEMU and diagnose a missing console, dynamic loader, shared library, or init program from its boot output.