Propositional Logic and Argument Validity

Translate verbal statements into propositional notation, and symbolic propositions into words, using negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication, and biconditional connectives.

Use truth tables to classify compound propositions as tautologies, contradictions, or contingencies and to test whether two propositions are logically equivalent.

Test the validity of a short propositional argument using a truth table and provide a counterexample truth assignment when the argument is invalid.