Arithmetic, Algebra, and Mathematical Language

Perform arithmetic with signed numbers, fractions, decimals, and percentages without a calculator.

Apply laws of exponents and radicals to simplify numerical expressions.

Expand, factor, and simplify polynomial expressions.

Solve single-variable linear equations and verify their solutions.

Solve linear inequalities and express their solution sets using interval and set-builder notation.

Solve quadratic equations by factoring and by the quadratic formula.

Solve a two-equation linear system using substitution and elimination.

Express elementary mathematical claims using set operations, quantifiers, and implication, and refute false claims with counterexamples.