Arithmetic and Algebra Foundations

Perform arithmetic with signed numbers, fractions, decimals, and percentages without a calculator.

Apply laws of exponents and radicals to simplify numerical expressions.

Expand, factor, and simplify polynomial expressions.

Solve single-variable linear equations and verify their solutions.

Solve quadratic equations by factoring and by the quadratic formula.

Solve a two-equation linear system using substitution and elimination.