Pine Script Foundations for TradingView

Explain Pine Script's bar-by-bar execution model, distinguish series values from inputs or constants, and identify common causes of repainting.

Create a Pine Script indicator with user inputs, calculations, and plotted output.

Encode a non-repainting rule-based signal with visual markers and alert conditions.

Convert indicator rules into a basic Pine strategy with entries and exits, then interpret Strategy Tester results while accounting for trading costs, look-ahead bias, sample size, and overfitting.