Class 11 Basic Chemistry Concepts

Determine empirical and molecular formulae from elemental mass or percentage-composition data and molar mass, and verify the result using percentage composition.

Calculate required reactant amounts and expected product amounts from a balanced chemical equation.

Identify the limiting reagent and calculate the product formed and the amount of excess reactant remaining.

Calculate mass percentage, parts per million, mole fraction, molarity, and molality from solution-composition data, and perform common dilution and density-based interconversions.

Determine the n-factor and equivalent mass of acids, bases, and simple salts in stated acid–base reactions, and use them to calculate normality.

Determine whether acid or base is in excess after mixing strong acid and strong base solutions, and calculate the final concentration of excess hydrogen or hydroxide ions using equivalents and the stated volume assumptions.