Core School Subjects

Collect like terms to simplify an algebraic expression.

Expand an expression containing a single term multiplied by a bracket.

Factorise an algebraic expression by taking out a common factor.

Solve a linear equation with the unknown on one side.

Substitute given values into an algebraic expression or formula.

Rearrange a simple formula to make a different variable the subject.

Form an algebraic rule for a linear growing pattern.

Graph a linear relationship and identify its gradient and y-intercept.

Convert measurements between common metric units.

Calculate the circumference of a circle from its radius or diameter.

Use angle relationships involving parallel lines and a transversal to find unknown angles.

Use Pythagoras’ theorem to find the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle.

Write a statistical question that identifies the variable and group of interest.

Calculate and interpret the five-number summary of a numerical data set.

Select an appropriate graph for a given type of data.

Compare experimental probability with theoretical probability for a chance event.

Identify a central idea and its supporting evidence in a non-fiction text.

Infer an unstated meaning using evidence from a text.

Explain how characterisation contributes to a literary text’s meaning.

Explain the effect of a selected language feature on an audience.

Explain how a text’s structure supports its purpose.

Use historical, social, or cultural context to interpret a text.

Compare how two texts present different perspectives on the same topic.

Evaluate the credibility of a media source using its evidence, purpose, and language.

Write a thesis statement that presents a clear interpretation or argument.

Construct a body paragraph that links evidence and analysis to a thesis.

Organise multiple perspectives into a coherent discursive response.

Construct a persuasive argument using a claim, evidence, and a counterargument.

Craft a short creative scene using a deliberate narrative technique.

Edit a draft for sentence structure, punctuation, spelling, and consistent tense.

Structure an oral presentation with an introduction, logically ordered points, and a conclusion.

Deliver a short presentation using deliberate pace, volume, tone, and body language.

Identify hazards and select appropriate controls for a school science investigation.

Identify the independent, dependent, and controlled variables in an investigation.

Write a testable scientific question for a fair test.

Display experimental data in a correctly labelled table or graph.

Write an evidence-based conclusion that answers an investigation question.

Classify a substance as an element, compound, or mixture from a particle representation.

Interpret a chemical formula to determine the elements and number of atoms present.

Write a word equation from a description of a chemical reaction.

Draw a free-body diagram showing the forces acting on an object.

Calculate the net force from forces acting along one line.

Calculate force, mass, or acceleration using F = ma.

Calculate average speed from distance and time data.

Interpret motion on a distance–time graph.

Represent energy transfers in a simple energy-flow diagram.

Calculate the efficiency of a simple energy transfer.

Classify a wave as transverse or longitudinal and relate amplitude and frequency to observable effects.

Identify the functions of the nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.

Describe the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes.

Explain how genes and environmental conditions can both influence a trait.

Classify examples of variation as continuous or discontinuous.

Trace the pathway of blood through the main parts of the human circulatory system.

Predict the direction of particle movement in a diffusion or osmosis scenario.

Distinguish the transport functions of xylem and phloem in plants.

Construct a food web that shows feeding relationships within an ecosystem.

Classify examples of Earth materials or processes within the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, or lithosphere.

Trace water through the main processes of the water cycle.

Trace carbon through the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

Explain how an increase in greenhouse gases changes Earth’s energy balance.

Interpret a climate graph or data set to identify a supported trend.

Compare astronomical distances expressed in astronomical units and light-years.

Describe evidence that supports the Big Bang theory.

Use evidence to evaluate one strategy for reducing a human impact on a New Zealand ecosystem.

Distinguish primary from secondary historical sources.

Evaluate the reliability of a historical source using its origin, purpose, and context.

Explain one cause and one consequence of the New Zealand Wars.

Explain how World War One affected people and identity in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Apply push-and-pull factors to explain a migration case study.

Describe how a New Zealand government is formed and how Parliament holds it accountable.

Trace the main stages through which a bill becomes law in New Zealand.

Interpret maps and statistics to explain a geographic or economic pattern involving New Zealand.

Pronounce Spanish vowels and common letter combinations accurately.

Exchange greetings, introductions, and farewells using appropriate levels of politeness.

Ask for and give basic personal information in Spanish.

Apply noun gender and article agreement in simple sentences.

Describe people and objects using correct adjective agreement.

Use common present-tense verbs to describe school and daily routines.

Express and respond to likes, dislikes, wants, and immediate needs.

Write a connected paragraph about yourself, your family, or your routine in the present tense.

Identify a stakeholder need and express it as a design brief.

Write measurable specifications for a technological outcome.

Communicate a design idea using an annotated concept sketch.

Select a material by comparing its performance properties and lifecycle impacts.

Identify hazards and controls for a proposed making process.

Test a prototype against specifications and use the results to choose one improvement.

Represent a technological system using input–process–output–feedback components.

Design an algorithm that uses sequence, selection, and iteration to solve a simple problem.