Migration to New Zealand

Classify employment, education, family, safety, conflict, disasters, healthcare, lifestyle, housing, and living costs as push factors, pull factors, or both, and justify each classification.

Compare rural-to-urban, urban-to-rural, internal New Zealand, and international migration using a real-world example plus one likely advantage and disadvantage of each pattern.

Explain how migration can contribute to urbanisation in destination areas and brain drain in origin areas.

Construct a chronological outline of Māori arrival, European settlement, Pacific migration, and Asian migration using key events and approximate dates.

Use recent migration information to identify major migrant source countries and explain why New Zealand attracts migrants.

Explain how migration has affected New Zealand’s population, culture, economy, housing, education, and employment, distinguishing positive impacts from negative impacts.

Interpret a migration map, table, or graph to identify patterns, compare migrant groups, and support a conclusion with evidence.

Apply migration vocabulary and push–pull reasoning when answering multiple-choice and short-answer case-study questions.

Plan and write an evidence-based extended response that evaluates whether migration’s effects on New Zealand are mainly positive or negative.

Use answer explanations and assessment keywords to identify and correct common errors in migration-test responses.